Split nails: causes, treatment, and prevention
Split nails, also known as onychoschizia, are a common problem. The nail separates into layers and becomes weaker. This not only looks messy but also makes your nails more vulnerable to further damage. In this guide, you’ll learn what causes it, what you can do about it, and how to prevent it.
What are split nails?
Split nails occur when the nail breaks apart in layers. This can happen either horizontally or vertically. Often the nails are brittle, break easily, or tear deeply. In many cases, this is the result of overuse or improper care, but it can also be a sign of something else, such as a nutritional deficiency or a skin condition.
External causes of splitting nails
Most causes of split nails come from external factors. Frequent hand washing or repeated contact with water dries out the nail. Harsh cleaning products and frequent use of nail polish or artificial nails can also weaken them. Trauma, such as stubbing or hitting the nail, puts extra strain on already fragile nails. These factors make nails dry and brittle, increasing the risk of splitting.
Internal causes of splitting nails
In addition to external influences, internal factors can also contribute. Lack of hydration, for example from drinking too little or exposure to dry air, makes nails vulnerable. Deficiencies in key nutrients such as B vitamins or iron are another well-known cause. Hormonal changes, such as during pregnancy or menopause, can also affect nail structure. Conditions such as nail psoriasis may also lead to weakened, splitting nails.
How to prevent nails from splitting
Protection and care are crucial. Wear gloves during household chores to limit exposure to water and chemicals. Use mild, fragrance-free soap to prevent drying out. Apply a nourishing hand cream or nail oil daily, especially after contact with water. This helps keep nails flexible and resilient.
Nutrition and supplements for split nails
What you eat shows in your nails. A lack of certain vitamins and minerals can weaken nail structure. B vitamins, iron, zinc, and proteins play an important role in building and repairing nails. Eat a varied diet with enough eggs, nuts, green vegetables, and whole grains. Only consider supplements after consulting a doctor.
What can you do yourself for split nails?
For mild cases, there is a lot you can do yourself. Use a nourishing nail cream daily to prevent dryness. Apply cuticle oil to keep the nail root healthy. Always use a base coat when wearing nail polish to protect the nail. File nails in one direction with a soft file to prevent further damage. Avoid nail hardeners containing formaldehyde, as they can make nails even more brittle in the long run.
